home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=92TT0796>
- <title>
- Apr. 13, 1992: They Put The ILM In Film
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Apr. 13, 1992 Campus of the Future
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SHOW BUSINESS, Page 68
- They Put The ILM In Film
- </hdr><body>
- <p>At George Lucas' Oscar-hoarding Industrial Light & Magic,
- computer wizards are re-forming the face of movies
- </p>
- <p>By Richard Corliss--Reported by David S. Jackson/San Rafael
- </p>
- <p> There wasn't much suspense in the Visual Effects category
- at last week's Oscars. The nominees were Hook, for its twinkly,
- shrinkly Tinkerbell (created by a team at producer George
- Lucas' Industrial Light & Magic shop), Backdraft, for its nifty
- fire rampage (Industrial Light & Magic) and Terminator 2:
- Judgment Day, in part for its liquid-metal cyborg that can
- "morph"--change seamlessly, seductively--into any shape
- (Industrial Light & Magic). And the Oscar went to...Industrial Light & Magic, for T2.
- </p>
- <p> Dennis Muren, senior visual-effects supervisor at ILM, has
- become a familiar figure on Oscar night, both because this was
- his seventh Academy Award and because he is a towering gent
- with lank white hair and a serene face. That picture--of a
- modern Merlin holding a gold totem--is appropriate, for Muren,
- 45, is a wizard in the movie craft of computer graphics. In the
- bland ILM barracks in San Rafael, Calif., he and his merry
- alchemists wave a little wand over their Silicon Graphics VGX
- 340 terminals, and out comes the magic.
- </p>
- <p> As traditional special-effects experts, Muren and his
- ILM-makers brought to life some of the most famous icons in
- movie history, from Darth Vader to E.T. Now he is leading a
- revolution in moviemaking. ILM has tamed the elements: fire and
- water are notoriously tough to animate, but the company managed
- the first convincingly in Backdraft and the second with the
- slinky pseudopod in The Abyss. An ILM team led by Steve Williams
- animated--brought to life, if you will--the T-1000 creature
- in T2, which could transform itself from, say, linoleum into a
- lethal humanoid weapon. "Movie effects have been the same for
- a hundred years, and they're changing this year," Williams, 30,
- says with a visionary's lack of modesty. "This is the milestone
- right here."
- </p>
- <p> Computer graphics as movie art form--a technical advance
- that leapfrogs over the wondrous and cumbersome stop-motion
- puppeteering of such effects geas Willis O'Brien and Ray
- Harryhausen--is just a decade old. The Disney film TRON, which
- took place inside a video game, was the first to explore the new
- technique. In the Steven Spielberg-produced Young Sherlock
- Holmes (1985), a computer-generated knight wielding a sword
- leaped out of a stained-glass window and menaced a priest.
- Morphing, the big news in special effects, made its debut in
- Willow (1988): a reclining tiger is smoothly transformed into
- a sleeping woman.
- </p>
- <p> These days, morphing is everywhere. The swamis at Pacific
- Data Images--one of the half a dozen California studios
- competing with ILM--devised the melting pot of faces for
- Michael Jackson's Black or White. Pacific has also changed a car
- into a running tiger for Exxon and morphed a man's face into a
- block for Schick razors. The process can be used to fuse
- separate takes of a scene or restore damaged film frames.
- </p>
- <p> "Computer graphics," says ILM animator Mark Dippe, "has
- become an essential design and communi cation tool.
- Entertainment is only a small part of it." Hospitals use
- realistic three-dimensional computer animation to walk doctors
- through their next operation before they ever pick up a scalpel.
- The FBI can simulate what a missing child would look like years
- after a disappearance.
- </p>
- <p> Even in the live theater, computer technology can work its
- wonders. George Coates' Invisible Site: A Virtual Sho, a
- mixed-media phantasmagoria now onstage in San Francisco, tells
- a story like TRON's or The Lawnmower Man's: of travelers and
- hackers in a virtual-reality video game. But from the first
- moment, with the image of a huge (computerized) concrete chute
- belching (the image of) computer-generated smoke, the effects
- are the real story. The audience, wearing 3-D glasses, watches
- a live actor getting poked by a giant computer-generated glove,
- or scenery changing with the tapping of a computer key. "3-D is
- an old technique," explains Coates, "and computer graphics is
- a new one. There were no rules for mixing them. We made them up
- as we went along." The result is a blend of film, computer
- projections and reality--whatever that is--that has the
- viewer wondering, Is it live, or is it Macintosh?
- </p>
- <p> "We operate in a virtual world," Dippe says, and at ILM
- the effects are virtually perfect. What the ILM makers can give
- to the film image they can also take away, with a kind of
- computer Clearasil that removes those unsightly production
- blemishes. Until recently, the wires that held up "flying"
- actors had to be erased laboriously, frame by frame. Now the
- cables that supported Julia Roberts as Tinkerbell can be removed
- digitally--and the background restored the same way--with
- no evidence of tampering. The 2-in. pipe that supported Michael
- J. Fox's space-age skateboard in Back to the Future was erased
- to give the impression that Fox was zipping around in midair.
- For Memoirs of an Invisible Man, computers removed Chevy Chase
- from his clothes, then filled in the displaced background. "If
- there's a problem on the set," says Williams, "no problem. We
- can fix it."
- </p>
- <p> But these effects are like Lego blocks compared with the
- task confronting ILM now: Spielberg's Jurassic Park, from the
- Michael Crichton best seller about dinosaurs roaming through a
- modern theme park. The mammoth mechanized beasts being assembled
- at Stan Winston Studio in Van Nuys, Calif., will be filmed,
- broken down into computer code and inserted onto the live-action
- frame to interact with the humans. Spielberg's requirements for
- absolute movie realism will mean a 21st century mar riage
- between the modelmaking Gepettos in Los Angeles and the video
- futurists in San Rafael. One ILM animator says the challenge is
- "10 times more difficult" than bringing to life T-1000 in T2.
- </p>
- <p> "All this is just the first generation," Muren proclaims.
- "There will be images you've never seen before." What he strives
- for is "physical realism," making the effects not the star of
- the movie--showstoppers like the T2 morphing--but so
- realistic, so believable, that the audience never notices them.
- "I don't know where the end of this stuff is," Muren says. "I
- mean, how real is real?"
- </p>
- <p> With ILM at the console, who needs reality? "We have
- conquered the physical properties of nature," Williams declares.
- "We can do tree bark; we can do grass blowing and water
- rippling. But we have only begun with computer-generated
- humans." At the moment, special-effects experts have trouble
- making the skin look authentic, and, as Williams notes, "hair
- is hard." Not to worry; just to wait. "A real human being--I
- think we'll get it," he says. "Not much is impossible."
- </p>
- <p> But much of it is spooky. There is already talk of a movie
- using a computer-generated Marilyn Monroe. Predicts Williams:
- "Long-dead Presidents will be on TV, computer generated, giving
- speeches. Actors who died 50 years ago will be starring next to
- contemporary actors. We could even create actors who have never
- been born--guys you don't have to pay points to or give
- trailers to. It will happen. And," he says, glancing around the
- ILM lab, "it will probably happen here."
- </p>
- <p> Lest this young Einstein sound like a young Frankenstein,
- Williams adds that computer graphics can help make only
- better-looking movies, not better ones. "Essentially, this is
- another form of pencil," he says. "If it's in the hands of
- someone who can't draw, then it can't draw."
- </p>
- <p> And Muren, the benign sorcerer, would like to teach the
- world to draw. He came late to computer graphics, taking a
- sabbatical in 1990 to learn the vocabulary. "Now I want kids to
- come up learning this stuff. I want everybody to think, `Jeez,
- if he can do it, I can do it.'"
- </p>
- <p> Why do you want that, O Merlin of the movies? "So they
- will grow up to make neater films for me to see later on."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-